In this paper, we assess the status of 'compute' capacities for artificial intelligence (AI) in India. We take stock of recent policy developments relating to ‘compute’ in India as well as in other countries. We then discuss a few policy options that would incentivize the production and availability of these resources in India. We emphasize on the need for reforms in procurement, as well as the need for foreign policy measures that ensure the uninterrupted supply of the resources required for ‘compute’. Our observations, while specifically focusing on the element of 'compute' in the AI triad, nevertheless have broader implications when thinking about policy options for all kinds of inputs needed to ensure India’s continued importance in the global market for information technology services.

Assessing ‘Compute’ Capacities and Policy Frameworks for Artificial Intelligence in India, Rajiv Kumar, Ajay Shah, Abhishek Jha, Ankeetaa Mahesshwari, Garima Jain, and Karthik Suresh, Project Report, May 2025